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Upper Level Cyclonic Systems
Trough-type Cyclones
Areas of low pressure that form along a non-centered upper disturbance are termed trough-type cyclones. If the surface system accompanies a full-latitude trough (or complex) and has sufficient moisture and instability to work with, widespread intense convection can result. This was the case with the Nov 11 2001 tornado outbreak across the Midwest, which occurred without a singular 500MB vorticity maximum but rather in association with a linear spread of energy stretching from northern Mexico to Ontario.
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